Global financial crisis-causes and remedies - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1376 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? Introduction After the collapse of the twin towers and the tech bubble the American economy was in dire need of a stimulus. The Fed under Alan Greenspan reacted to this crisis by pumping liquidity into the system. This response would have worked well under normal circumstances, since it helps in the growth of the economy, however since due to previous overinvestments in the economy the extra money was not put to productive use. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Global financial crisis-causes and remedies" essay for you Create order The central role that finance plays in upholding the American economy led to the collapse of a few financial institutions imperilling the economic system of the country and eventually the world. Americas financial system failed in its two crucial responsibilities: managing risk and allocating capital leading to the current global recession the world in facing today. ( Stiglitz, 2008 ). This essay is structured in four parts , the first dealing with the background of the preceding years leading to the crisis. The second part tackles the causes of the financial crisis followed by the solution that can be adopted by the United Kingdom to prevent a recurrence of such a crisis in the future. The final paragraph of the essay is the conclusion that concentrates on the global cooperation that is essential for this financial crisis. The Post Industrial Society: The paradigm shift from an industrial society to a post industrial one had a major implication on the global crisis that was about to come. This resulted in a majority of the labour force being involved in the service industry rather than in the manufacturing sector. The structure of the capitalist economy was altered because more than 60% of the workforce today is employed in the service sector and less than 10% in the agriculture and manufacturing sector. This impacted the employment relationships between the large corporations and the millions of blue collared workers in the country. The long-term mutual obligations of old were replaced by expectations of more temporary attachments ( Davis,2009,p.28 ).The practice of off-shoring to countries offering cheap labour that began during that time also aggravated the problem further. This shift was reflected in the eventual bankruptcy of large auto manufacturing industries in the country. The rise in pension funds: During the 1980s most companies provided pensions to their employees through a system of defined-benefit plans that paid retirees benefits according to their tenure with the company ( Davis, 2009, p. 31 ).This changed in the early 1980s with the 401 ( k ) plan in which employees were responsible in making investments based on the options offered to them by the corporations. This change helped promote the development of mutual funds as an attractive investment option. This system came to be known as defined-contribution pension plans and resulted in the mutual fund companies becoming the most prominent owners of corporate America ( Davis , 2009,p.32 ).These companies were shareholders in many of the companies and this resulted in a complex interconnected financial system which would have severe repercussions later on the American economy. Securitization: The traditional model of banking was replaced by a system called securitization which meant that assets were turned in securities and traded in the market ( Davis,2009,.35). Securitization inthemortgage market involvesthepoolingofmortgages into mortgagebacked securities (MBSs) in whichtheholderof these securities is entitled to some fractionofalltheinterest and principal paid out bytheportfolioofloans. Someofthese securities are straight passthrough, while others are collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs) or collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) in whichthepools are trenched and cash flows get paid out according to some priority structure ( Archarya and Richardson, 2009,p.62 ).Mortgage backed bonds were the best form of this system. This resulted in a tangled financial system in which there was little differentiation between traditional commercial banking and the investment banks that sprouted later. Everything from student loans to life insurance schemes got involved in the com plex American financial system. Because of this system individuals as well as corporations got entangled and were caught in the web of this financial world and were to be affected when the financial crisis hit the economy. Subprime problem : the 2008 financial collapse originated with a political effort to expand mortgage lending to consumers who could not meet normal standards of creditworthiness ( Yandle,2010,p.346 ).In an attempt to make home ownership more affordable interest rates were lowered for potential buyers and in many cases there were no checks initiated to see whether the customer was financially capable of repaying the loan. The risk assessment methods that were used by the banks were deeply flawed under this system. Borrowers were told not to worry about paying the ever mounting debt, because house prices would keep appreciating.( Stiglitz, 2008 ). However the housing bubble crashed and this resulted in a lot of home owners unable to payback the loan and the financial institutions also unable to profit from the assets that they held. Because these mortgages were ingrained and were at the core of the American financial system it resulted in a subprime mortgage problem causing the crash of the entire econom y. Proposals to prevent recurrence of financial crisis: The policies and measures that should be adopted to avoid another crisis should focus on macro and micro issues that have arisen due to the crisis. The micro management involves supervision of individual institutions and banks, whereas the wider policies at the national level should tackle the systemic problem in the financial sector in the country. Regulation of the financial sector: The framework for ensuring efficient regulation should be based upon curbing the unnecessary risk taking incentives that caused the crisis. Given their inherently high leverage andtheease with whichtherisk profileoffinancialassets can be altered, banks andfinancialinstitutions have incentives to take on excessive risks ( Archarya et al,2009, p.110 ). A strong governance from the Financial Services Authority in the UK should be adopted to prevent such practices. This should be coupled with a stringent internal governance system adopted by the financial institutions themselves to prevent collapse and bankruptcy. Because of the global scale of this problem, in terms of the British context it will be easier to implement this type of regulation if it supports the development of a single financial market within the EU. Irregularity in the implementation of regulations between the different member will undermine the effectiveness of the regulatory proposals (European Union Committee, 2008, p.11 ). State aid in the financial crisis: The bailout that has been a major government intervention as a measure to prevent the spread of the crisis. These have included nationalisation as well as recapitalisation of banks and in some cases purchase of the defaulted assets by the government. However it must be understood that these practices must not serve as an encouragement to the financial institutions to return to their old practices. This federal policy of providing aid should not encourage a recurrence of inefficient risk management decisions by firms (Poole,2007,p.149 ). The other step that should be taken by the government is too avoid infusing the economy with too much liquidity. As a lender of the last resort the government must ensure that such a solution may in fact prolong the solvency crisis. Control of the shadow banking sector: The financial crisis has been a problem of traditional banks as well as shadow banks. The government should ensure that financial trading between such institutions must be controlled. The toxic loans that these institutions dealt in should not be allowed to be spread this time around. Along with traditional banks there should be efficient regulation of the bad accounting practices and poor underwriting standards in such lending institutions within the UK by the FSA. Along with such macro policies individuals brokers should also be supervised as a micro management of this crisis. Conclusion: Given the global nature of the financial crisis the solutions that must be adopted should on a global level. Individual nations must not retreat form an international solution and try to implement regional policies. This will prove to be a setback than a way forward in tackling this problem. Consumers as well as institutions that thrive on interaction within the financial network will be thwarted by such efforts. Transparency between the various regulatory and financial bodies should also be encouraged to prevent another crisis. Involving global partners and seeking multi lateral solutions are critical if we are to reach a common goal of financial stability in the near future.

Land Biomes Temperate Forests

The temperate forest biome is one of the worlds major habitats. Temperate forests are characterized as regions with high levels of precipitation, humidity, and a variety of deciduous trees. Deciduous trees are trees that lose their leaves in winter. Decreasing temperatures and shortened daylight hours in fall mean decreased photosynthesis for plants. Thus, these trees shed their leaves in fall and bud new leaves in spring when warmer temperatures and longer hours of daylight return. Climate Temperate forests have a wide range of temperatures that correlate with the distinctive seasons. Temperatures range from hot in the summer, with highs of 86 F, to extremely cold in the winter, with lows of -22 F. Temperate forests receive abundant amounts of precipitation, usually between 20 and 60 inches of precipitation annually. This precipitation is in the form of rain and snow. Location Deciduous forests are typically found in the Northern Hemisphere. Some locations of temperate forests include: Eastern AsiaCentral and Western EuropeEastern United States Vegetation Due to abundant rainfall and thick soil humus, temperate forests are able to support a wide variety of plant life and vegetation. This vegetation exists in several layers, ranging from lichens and mosses on the ground layer to large tree species like oak and hickory that stretch high above the forest floor. Other examples of temperate forest vegetation include: Forest canopy tier: Maple trees, walnut trees, birch treesSmall tree tier: Dogwoods, redbuds, shadbushShrub tier: Azaleas, mountain laurel, huckleberriesHerb tier: Blue bead lily, Indian cucumber, wild sarsaparillaFloor tier: Lichens and mosses Mosses are nonvascular plants that play an important ecological role in the biomes they inhabit. These small, dense plants often resemble green carpets of vegetation. They thrive in moist areas and help to prevent soil erosion and also serve as a source of insulation during colder months. Unlike mosses, lichens are not plants. They are the result of symbiotic relationships between algae or cyanobacteria and fungi. Lichens are important decomposers in this environment littered with decaying plant material. Lichens help to recycle plant leaves, thus generating the fertile soil in this biome. Wildlife Temperate forests are home to a diverse wildlife biosystem including various insects and spiders, wolves, foxes, bears, coyotes, bobcats, mountain lions, eagles, rabbits, deer, skunks, squirrels, raccoons, squirrels, moose, snakes, and hummingbirds. Temperate forest animals have many different ways to deal with the cold and lack of food in winter. Some animals hibernate during the winter and arise in spring when food is more plentiful. Other animals store food and burrow underground to escape the cold. Many animals escape the harsh conditions by migrating to warmer regions in winter. Other animals have adapted to this environment by blending in with the forest. Some camouflage themselves as leaves, looking almost indistinguishable from the foliage. This type of adaptation comes in handy for both predators and prey. More Land Biomes Temperate forests are one of many biomes. Other land biomes of the world include: Chaparrals: Characterized by dense shrubs and grasses, this biome experiences dry summers and damp winters.Deserts: Did you know that not all deserts are hot? In fact, Antarctica is the largest desert in the world.Savannas: This large grassland biome is home to some of the fastest animals on the planet.Taigas: Also called boreal forests or coniferous forests, this biome is populated by dense evergreen trees.Temperate grasslands: These open grasslands are located in colder climate regions than savannas. They are found on every continent except for Antarctica.Tropical rainforests: Located near the equator, this biome experiences hot temperatures year round.Tundra: As the coldest biome in the world, tundras are characterized by extremely cold temperatures, permafrost, treeless landscapes, and slight precipitation.

The Concept Of The Fourth Estate - 1485 Words

It is also a struggle for the respect of self-awareness that translates the symbolic end of a communicational paradigm based on the principle of socialization and social control (Beaulieu, 2005) . It is true that this paradigm has dominated the public communication system for decades and was regarded as a representation embodying the concept of the Fourth Estate (Kaspi, 2004) . With the growth of cyberspace, the idea of the Fourth Estate is devalued in a media context favoring self-expression (Fichte, 2007) . The question of  « me  » has interested philosophers throughout history. It occupies a central place especially in German philosophy, that addressed this issue nearly two centuries ago, beginning with Kant (1835), who considers the  « me  » as the center of the universe, with Fichte and Schelling, who left the Kantian duality stating, firstly, the existence of the thing in itself and, secondly, the existence of the human mind as a generator of truths and phenomena. 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Should Retirement Be Discontinued Why Or Why Essay

At what age should a person retire? What level of activity is reasonable for society to expect of retired individuals? Given the changing demographics of the United States, should retirement be discontinued? Why or why not? At what age should a person retire? The decision to retire, and at what age is not one to be taken lightly. Each individual has to make this decision based on a number of factors. In an article, Martin, R, Beach, S (2012) reported that retirement is a decision that the so-called, â€Å"baby boomer,† will have to make soon. The baby boomers are those individuals that were born during the years 1946 and 1964, and would reach age 62 by 2008. They reminded us that this is the stage that this group can become eligible for Social Security retirement benefits. In the paper, the authors felt that the main consideration for retirement is whether one can afford to maintain a reasonable standard of living and the best quality of life for the retirement period. 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Running Head Substance abuse in prisons. Free Essays

In most prisons in the world, alcohol dependence is the most prevalence substance abuse.   Most prisoners are said to depend on alcohol and drugs, to relieve stress and tension.   This has been linked to the fact that most inmates are imprisoned for drug – related offences. We will write a custom essay sample on Running Head: Substance abuse in prisons. or any similar topic only for you Order Now    These criminals are believed to introduce drugs and alcohol in prison.   The majority of the prison population has shown some evidence of substance abuse.   In Canada, research has shown that at least 7 – 10 inmates have engaged in activities of drug and alcohol abuse. The use of drugs and alcohol in prisons is highly spreading.   Research has shown that women have more severe substance abuse problems than men.   They have also shown a tendency of being involved in hard drugs such as cocaine and heroine than men. These women also have a higher rate of injection drug use than men, at approximately 91%. Heroin is the type of drug abused by most inmates in state prisons of Toronto and Montrà ©al, while in Atlantic Canada alcohol and cocaine are the most abused. Alcohol and drugs are available in almost all prison facilities in the world.   Research studies have shown that drug trade is much more rampant and violent in the prison than on the street. Despite the efforts to eliminate drugs in prison inmates have always been discovered to test positive for drug tests. The types of drugs available in prison include marijuana, alcohol, drugs, cocaine, tranquilizers, opiates, Hallucinogens, stimulants, sedatives and heroin.   Marijuana is the most common drugs while heroin is the least available drug in prison. Drugs treatment programmes available in California state prison. Programmes for drugs abuse treatment in this prison include, detoxication programmes, therapeutic programmes, drug courts, transitional treatment, maintenance and aftercare and pharmacotherapy methods. In California prison state intensive intervention services are reserved for offenders who are viewed as high risk.   The treatment available is designed to target behaviors that are predicative of criminal behavior. In this prison, treatment techniques such as coping skills training have been used to reduce substance abuse.   Inmates are trained on how to cope in prison without drugs and also given social skills and employment skills. These skills assist in keeping them focused on other positive activities.   Structured relapse prevention techniques are established to prevent inmates from relapsing into substance abuse.   Stress management sessions are held in prisons to help prisoners deal with drug withdrawal symptoms. Willing prisoners are asked to set their goals of treatment and work step by step to achieve them.   This way they are motivated to stop drug abuse.   Community reinforcement techniques have also been started. The community offers its services to the prisoners through voluntary services to encourage motivate them in stopping substance abuse.   However, these treatment programs have not been very effective in the prison.   The programs are not enough to stop usage o f substance abuse in prisons. Conclusion I think that more treatment programmes should be established in the prison.   Control and detection programmes should be established to detect any form of drug smuggling into the prison.   Visitors and new prisoners must be thoroughly checked before entering the prison compound.   Routine searches should also be done in the prison frequently to discourage any form of drug or alcohol storage in the prison. Comprehensive screening and assessment of inmates on entry should be performed to identify the treatment programme suitable for each patient. Drug detection dogs should be introduced in the prison to facilitate drug detection in the prison.   Visitors’ areas should be modified to the designs and layouts that are open and easily accessible.   The visiting areas should be completely separated from the inmates section by an impassable barrier. The way against drug and substance should be intensified to eliminate them from our society. References. Substance abuse in corrections. http://www.ccsa.ca/pdf/ccsa-011058-2004.pdf.as retrieved on 26/10/2007. Alcohol info. http://www.alcoholinfo.nsw.gov.au/justice_system/corrections_system as retrieved on 20 Jul 2007. Heroin addiction treatment. http://www.alcoholinfo.nsw.gov.au/justice_system/corrections_system as retrieved on 20 Jul 2007. How to cite Running Head: Substance abuse in prisons., Essay examples

Running Head Substance abuse in prisons. Free Essays

In most prisons in the world, alcohol dependence is the most prevalence substance abuse.   Most prisoners are said to depend on alcohol and drugs, to relieve stress and tension.   This has been linked to the fact that most inmates are imprisoned for drug – related offences. We will write a custom essay sample on Running Head: Substance abuse in prisons. or any similar topic only for you Order Now    These criminals are believed to introduce drugs and alcohol in prison.   The majority of the prison population has shown some evidence of substance abuse.   In Canada, research has shown that at least 7 – 10 inmates have engaged in activities of drug and alcohol abuse. The use of drugs and alcohol in prisons is highly spreading.   Research has shown that women have more severe substance abuse problems than men.   They have also shown a tendency of being involved in hard drugs such as cocaine and heroine than men. These women also have a higher rate of injection drug use than men, at approximately 91%. Heroin is the type of drug abused by most inmates in state prisons of Toronto and Montrà ©al, while in Atlantic Canada alcohol and cocaine are the most abused. Alcohol and drugs are available in almost all prison facilities in the world.   Research studies have shown that drug trade is much more rampant and violent in the prison than on the street. Despite the efforts to eliminate drugs in prison inmates have always been discovered to test positive for drug tests. The types of drugs available in prison include marijuana, alcohol, drugs, cocaine, tranquilizers, opiates, Hallucinogens, stimulants, sedatives and heroin.   Marijuana is the most common drugs while heroin is the least available drug in prison. Drugs treatment programmes available in California state prison. Programmes for drugs abuse treatment in this prison include, detoxication programmes, therapeutic programmes, drug courts, transitional treatment, maintenance and aftercare and pharmacotherapy methods. In California prison state intensive intervention services are reserved for offenders who are viewed as high risk.   The treatment available is designed to target behaviors that are predicative of criminal behavior. In this prison, treatment techniques such as coping skills training have been used to reduce substance abuse.   Inmates are trained on how to cope in prison without drugs and also given social skills and employment skills. These skills assist in keeping them focused on other positive activities.   Structured relapse prevention techniques are established to prevent inmates from relapsing into substance abuse.   Stress management sessions are held in prisons to help prisoners deal with drug withdrawal symptoms. Willing prisoners are asked to set their goals of treatment and work step by step to achieve them.   This way they are motivated to stop drug abuse.   Community reinforcement techniques have also been started. The community offers its services to the prisoners through voluntary services to encourage motivate them in stopping substance abuse.   However, these treatment programs have not been very effective in the prison.   The programs are not enough to stop usage o f substance abuse in prisons. Conclusion I think that more treatment programmes should be established in the prison.   Control and detection programmes should be established to detect any form of drug smuggling into the prison.   Visitors and new prisoners must be thoroughly checked before entering the prison compound.   Routine searches should also be done in the prison frequently to discourage any form of drug or alcohol storage in the prison. Comprehensive screening and assessment of inmates on entry should be performed to identify the treatment programme suitable for each patient. Drug detection dogs should be introduced in the prison to facilitate drug detection in the prison.   Visitors’ areas should be modified to the designs and layouts that are open and easily accessible.   The visiting areas should be completely separated from the inmates section by an impassable barrier. The way against drug and substance should be intensified to eliminate them from our society. References. Substance abuse in corrections. http://www.ccsa.ca/pdf/ccsa-011058-2004.pdf.as retrieved on 26/10/2007. Alcohol info. http://www.alcoholinfo.nsw.gov.au/justice_system/corrections_system as retrieved on 20 Jul 2007. Heroin addiction treatment. http://www.alcoholinfo.nsw.gov.au/justice_system/corrections_system as retrieved on 20 Jul 2007. How to cite Running Head: Substance abuse in prisons., Essay examples

Computing Theory

Question: Write an essay about on a research topic which is Cryptography and quantum computing. The essay to be written is not a summary of the lecture notes or other course material given, or any other material available on the Internet. The essay has to go "beyond what was been covered in class". The essay should demonstrate A good understanding in detail of a specific topic chosen in Computing Theory. A holistic understanding of the areas in Computing Theory relevant to the essay topic and how they relate. For e.g. look at the suggested topic of interest given above. The maximum length of the above essay or paper should not exceed 6 pages though the ideal would be about 5 pages. This does not mean that you need to write this much. You may write as much is needed to clearly demonstrate your understanding at the same time being precise and comprehensive. Keep it simple and neat with a lucid flow. Typing could be using Times New Roman font size 12 or Arial font size 11 with 1.5line spacing. Marking rubrics for the essay is attached. Evaluation The evaluation is based on a good report, a good discussion of the findings in a clear, concise and presentable format. You may lose marks if the topic for the essay is too broad and reflects that not enough time has been spent for research. Answer: Introduction This essay provides information on the topic Cryptography and Quantum Computing. The cryptography is a technique for securing the data by sending the data in the encrypted form so that it is decoded only by the valid and authorized user. It helps in securing the e-mail message, information of credit card, as well as for securing the corporate data. The data is converted into the unreadable form i.e. it is converted into the encrypted form, and send it to the receiver, and it read only by the users that have a key to unlock the data so that data is accessed only by the authorized user. It helps in protecting the data from the hackers or any unauthorized person. This process is mandatory, but it is not the sufficient process for securing the data. The quantum computing, it is based on the qubits. It is stored in the form of 1, 0 or both 0 and one simultaneously. It is also called the superposition of two different states. There are different started in the quantum computing and the sta tes consist of n power of 2 form. The pair of qubits consists of four different states. It helps in solving the complex problems efficiently. Cryptography and Quantum Computing Cryptography: It is a process of protecting the data and sending it in the encrypted form. The message is sent in the encrypted form from one point to another point. It helps in maintaining the integrity of the information (Kim, 2016). The process of encrypted the data into the unreadable form is known as cipher text. The encrypted message is broken by the help of cryptanalysis i.e. also known as code breaking. This process is helpful in securing the e-mail, information of credit card, as well as for securing the corporate data. The data is converted into the unreadable form i.e. it is converted into the encrypted from and send it to the receiver, and it read only by the users that have a key to unlock the data so that data is accessed only by the authorized user. It helps in protecting the data from the hackers or any unauthorized person. This process is mandatory, but it is not the sufficient process for securing the data. It is divided into two parts: private key encryption, and p ublic key encryption. In private key encryption, the private key or the same key is used by the sender as well as by the receiver. The sender sends the encrypted message (the algorithm is used for encrypted the message) to the receiver and the receiver decrypt the message by using the same private key as used by the sender of the message. The private key encryption is also known as symmetric cryptography. In public key encryption, this system is based on two keys. The public key is available for all i.e. everyone is familiar with this key, but the private key is only known to the receiver of the message. The message can be sent to any user in the encrypted form, but it is only received by the authorized user i.e. the only user that has a private key can unlock this message. It contains two different keys (Kumar, 2015). The one key is used for the encryption process, and this is used for the decryption process. It allows only one person to read the message (who has a private key to decode the message). It is also a useful source for the digital signatures. The public key encryption process is also known as asymmetric cryptography. Quantum computing: The quantum term plus computing term yields the quantum computing. (Minkel, 2016). There are various complex issues that are not tacked by the powerful computer. In a case of classical computing, the data is stored in the memory in the form of bits o or 1 (i.e. the information is stored in the digital form). But in a case of quantum computing, it is based on the qubits. It is stored in the form of 1, 0 or both 0 and one simultaneously. This is also called the superposition of two different states. There are different started in the quantum computing, and the states consist of n power of 2 form. The pair of qubits consists of four different states. It helps in solving the complex problems efficiently and in a fast manner. These problems which are solved using quantum computers are known as BQP. (BQP- Bounded Error, probabilistic, polynomial time). If the user wants a computer that looks a smaller in size, but it yields more powerful results, then the quantum computi ng is the solution to this problem. No doubt the quantum computing process is more complex as compare to the normal computing process, but it provides the results at millions of times better and faster than normal computing systems. In a case of conventional computers, they are slow as compare to the quantum computers because in a case of conventional computers the problem is solved by the help of mathematical operations (i.e. by adding or by subtracting the bits). The complex problems are solved by applying a series of simple operations on the problem (even the multiplication process is performed by the series of adding operations). The quantum computers work in a parallel mode whereas the traditional computers work in a serial mode. The computing process in case of quantum computing is more complex as compare to the traditional computing process. The quantum computers are related to the term cryptography The quantum computing is a big threat for the private key algorithm as well as for the public key algorithm. The quantum computing helps in solving complex problems, and it also performs complex operations that cant be performed by the conventional system. But on the other hand, it causes a big threat for the private communication. The quantum computer can easily break the cryptography keys and this further initiates the eavesdropper to enter into the private communication, and it steals the identity of someone and pretends to be that person, and in this way, it can damage the useful information. There are various security controls that can be broken by the quantum attack (attack by the quantum computer): The security protocols that are derived from the public-key ciphers. The second is any product which is derived from the above security protocol. The post-quantum cryptography is developed for the cryptographic algorithm that is used for securing the attacks that are occurred from the quantum computers. Conclusion The quantum computing provides the results at millions of times better and faster than normal computing systems. The quantum computing helps in solving complex problems, and it also performs complex operations that cant be performed by the conventional system. It helps in solving the complex problems efficiently and in a fast manner (Kim, 2016).These problems which are solved using quantum computers are known as BQP. (BQP- Bounded Error, probabilistic, polynomial time). If the user wants a computer that looks a smaller in size, but it yields more powerful results, then the quantum computing is the solution to this problem. The conventional computers, they are slow as compare to the quantum computers because in case of conventional computers the problem is solved by the help of mathematical operations (i.e. by adding or by subtracting the bits). The complex problems are solved by applying a series of simple operations on the problem (Kumar, 2015). But on the other hand, it is a big th reat to the symmetric cryptography as well as for the asymmetric cryptography. It causes a big threat for the private communication. The quantum computer can easily break the cryptography keys and this further initiates the eavesdropper to enter into the private communication and it steals the identity of someone and pretend to be that person, and in this way it can damage the useful information. References Blencowe, M. (2011). Quantum computing: Quantum RAM. Nature, 468(7320), pp.44-45. Ergun, A. (2014). Skewness and Kurtosis Persistence: Conventional vs. Robust Measures. SSRN Electronic Journal. Ferrndez, J. and Mira, J. 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