Patriarchy in Ancient Greek Societies free essay sample

The Myth of Psyche and Eros was told from one generation to the next, and in these six paragraphs, I will tell you about this myth. The rising action starts with a stunningly beautiful girl,  Psyche, is born after two older sisters. People throughout the land worship her beauty so deeply that they forget about the goddess  Aphrodite. Aphrodite becomes angry that her temples are falling to ruin, so she plots to ruin Psyche. She instructs her son, Eros, to pierce the girl with an arrow and make sure that no one loves her EVER! But when Cupid sees Psyche in her radiant glory, he shoots himself with the arrow instead. [pic] The climax of the story occurs as; Psyche and her family become worried that she will never find a husband, for although men admire her beauty, they always seem content to marry someone else. Psyches father heads to the oracle to seek help from the gods. We will write a custom essay sample on Patriarchy in Ancient Greek Societies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And the gods say that it is Psyches destiny that she shall marry a monster. They instruct her to go to the top of a hill, where she will marry. Psyche bravely follows the instructions and falls asleep on the hill. When she wakes up, she discovers a stunning mansion. Going inside, she relaxes and enjoys fine food and luxurious treatment. At night, in the dark, she meets and falls in love with her husband. The falling action beings with Psyche. As she lives happily with him, never seeing him, until one day she tells him that she is lonely; she begs to see her sisters. Her husband replies that it would be fine to do so. When they visit, they become extremely jealous of Psyches beautiful mansion and lush quarters. They deduce that Psyche has never seen her husband, and they convince her that she must sneak a look. Confused and conflicted, Psyche turns on a lamp one night as her husband lies next to her. When she sees the beautiful Eros asleep on her bed, she weeps for her lack of faith. Eros awakens because a drop of oil falls onto him, and flees because Love cannot live where there is no trust. Eros returns to his mother, Aphrodite, who again decides to enact revenge on the beautiful girl. This myth’s resolution occurs when Pysche journeys all over the land to find Eros. She decides to go to Aphrodite herself in a plea for love and forgiveness, and when she finally sees Aphrodite, the great goddess laughs aloud. Aphrodite shows her a heap of seeds and tells her that she must sort them all in one nights time if she wants to see Eros again. This task is impossible for one person alone, but ants help Psyche and sort the seeds for her, because psyche is a friend of their friend. Shocked, Aphrodite then orders Psyche to retrieve Golden Fleece from the sheep in the valley below. A reed comes and gives her a hint. Instead of collecting the fleece from the sheep, she suggests that she collect the golden pieces of fleece from the thorny briar that catches it. Psyche follows these instructions and returns a sizable quantity to Aphrodite. Aphrodite still does not give in. She challenges Psyche to go into the underworld and have  Persephone  put some of her beauty in a box. Miraculously, Psyche succeeds. On her way toward giving the box to Aphrodite, she becomes curious, opens the box, and instantly falls asleep. Meanwhile, Eros looks for Psyche and finds her sleeping. He awakens her, puts the sleeping spell back in the box, and takes her to  Zeus  to request her immortality. Zeus grants the request and makes Psyche an immortal goddess. She and Eros are married. Aphrodite now supports the marriage because her son has married a goddess—and because Psyche will no longer distract the men on earth from Aphrodite. In These six paragraphs, I told you about the myth of Psyche and Eros. How about now, you go and tell someone about this myth, and keep this myth from dying. Patriarchy In this myth: As I read his myth to myself, I began to understand what it was saying more, and more, and I realized that one form of patriarchy in this myth Is that; The men can just choose a woman, and she has to be his wife. Also, if the gods choose for you, you cannot say no. Whatever the â€Å"Oracle† ( where to seek gods for help ) says, it must be done.

Lochner Era etc essays

Lochner Era etc essays Paul Kens, in his book Lochner v. New York: Economic Regulation on Trial, makes the case that Lochner, and the Lochner era of the Supreme Court, forms the foundation of ideological battles between economics and personal liberty and rights. The court found, in that case, that the state of New York had violated due process and the "right of contract between employers and employees." (Kens, 1998) That was part and parcel of a concept of the legal system Kens said was employed to good effect as far as creating an economic powerhouse. The most important function of the American legal system in the nineteenth century was to foster the growth of an ever-expanding national economy. The federal judiciary in the late nineteenth century participated in this project by using the powers that the 14th Amendment gave it to protect the economic rights of American citizens. The most important of these rights was the right to enter freely into contracts. Freedom of contract allowed Americans to use efficiently the various factors of production to create an industrial economy that was the most productive in the world by the middle of the twentieth century. The successful creation of this economic juggernaut validates the turn-of-the-century court's decision to use the 14th Amendment to protect economic rights at the expense of other civil and individual rights. (Kens, 1998) The editors of the series in which this Kens' book appears also noted, however, that the case raised a "host of significant questions regarding the impetus of state legislatures to enter the workplace" (Kens, 1998) and institute regulations of various sorts, quandaries which continue The philosophies underlying the Supreme Court's decision in Lochner v....

Microsoft Word Shortcuts and Commands

Microsoft Word Shortcuts and Commands There are many shortcuts for common functions in Microsoft Word. These shortcuts or commands can come in handy when typing a report or term paper, or even a letter. It is a good idea to try some of these functions before you actually begin a project. Once you become familiar with the way they work, you may become hooked on shortcuts. Executing Shortcuts Before you can use shortcuts commands, its important to understand a few requirements. If the shortcut involves a section of text (words you have typed), you will need to highlight the text before typing the command. For instance, to bold a word or words, you must highlight them first. For other commands, you may only need to place the cursor at a specific place. For instance, if you want to insert a footnote, place the cursor in the relevant position. The commands below are sectioned into groups by alphabetical order to make it easier to find the ones you need. Bold Through Italics Boldfacing  a word or group of words is one of the handiest shortcut commands in Microsoft Word. Other commands, such as centering text, creating a hanging indent, or even calling for help can be useful shortcuts to know. The latter command- calling for help by pressing the F1 key- brings up a printed helpfile to the right of your document, which even includes its own search function. (The last section of this article contains instructions for the search command.) Function Shortcut Bold CTRL + B Center a paragraph CTRL + E Copy CTRL + C Create a hanging indent CTRL + T Decrease the font size by 1 point CTRL + [ Double-space lines CTRL + 2 Hanging Indent CTRL + T Help F1 Increase the font size by 1 point CTRL + ] Indent a paragraph from the left CTRL + M Indent CTRL + M Insert a footnote ALT + CTRL + F Insert an endnote ALT + CTRL + D Italic CTRL + I Justify Through Single-Space Lines Justifying a paragraph will make it flush left and flush right rather than ragged-right, which is the default in Word. But, you can also left-align a paragraph, create a page break, and even mark a table of contents or index entry, as the shortcut commands in this section show. Function Shortcut Justify a paragraph CTRL + J Left-align a paragraph CTRL + L Mark a table of contents entry ALT + SHIFT + O Mark an index entry ALT + SHIFT + X Page Break CTRL + ENTER Print CTRL + P Remove a paragraph indent from the left CTRL + SHIFT + M Remove paragraph formatting CTRL + Q Right-align a paragraph CTRL + R Save CTRL + S Search CTRL = F Select All CTRL + A Shrink Font One Point CTRL + [ Single-space lines CTRL + 1 Subscripts Through Undo If youre writing a science paper, you might need to place certain letters or numbers in subscript, such as in  H20, the chemical formula for water. The subscript shortcut makes it easy to do this, but you can also create a superscript with a shortcut command. And, if you make a mistake, correcting it is only a CTRL Z away. Function Shortcut To type a Subscript CTRL + = To type a Superscript CTRL + SHIFT + = Thesaurus SHIFT + F7 Remove Hanging Indent CTRL + SHIFT + T Remove Indent CTRL + SHIFT + M Underline CTRL + U Undo CTRL + Z

Critical Article on a Recently Completed Building Coursework

Critical Article on a Recently Completed Building - Coursework Example The tower has a height of three hundred and ten meters above the ground. The building is equipped with forty four lifts to facilitate upward and downward movement of people. Also known as the Shard of Glass, The Shard skyscraper is located near the London bridge station which is located in the suburbs of the Southwark town. Specifically, the Shard is located to the south of London Bridge that is used to cross River Thames from London City. It has eighty seven floors, and it is three hundred and ten meters high above the ground. The building was designed to host several recreational facilities as well as office spaces. Floors four to twenty eight were designed to house offices, floors sixty eight to seventy two were designed for public viewing galleries, floors fifty three to sixty five for apartments, and others to hosts hotels and other recreational facilities. This article is aimed at critiquing the general architecture of the Shard. The building will be analysed in order to find o ut if it has achieved the intended functionality. Its effect on the general public, the environment as well as flora and fauna will be closely studied. Description of the building According to Kant (2007, p. 1) in his book critique of judgement architecture is defined as â€Å"the art of exhibiting concepts of things that are possible only through art, things whose form does not have nature as its determining basis but instead has a chosen purpose, and of doing so in order to carry out that aim and yet also with aesthetic purposiveness. In architecture, the main concern is what use is to be made of the artistic object, and this use is a condition to which the aesthetic ideas are confined† (Harries, 2008). The definition of Kant has manifested in the design of The Shard. The design of the building was based on producing the tallest building in London that that positively contributes to the aesthetics value of London. London views from the summit of The Shard are astonishing. A s one views the landscape of London from the Shard, it is spread out like vast moving tapestry. The views of Olympic Park, Wembley Stadium, and the winding views of Thames River are vividly visible (TripAdvisor, 2013). Like other tall buildings, the Shard had to work both from street level and at a distance. To provide a street frontage, the American Inter – War approach and cornice level was utilized (TripAdvisor, 2013). This made the Shard unnoticeable from the street. The redesigned concourse of London Bridge Station gives the Shard a ready - made podium. This was made possible by the heights at which the railway lines are set. This concourse forms the base onto which The Shard with its fritted - glass canopies rises. The above connoted unique architectural techniques illustrate analytic aesthetics which has been ignored by many architects in their work. Functiolism plays a vital role here in the transformation of the initial â€Å"simple† building into an architect ural work that serves its intended purposes. The specific Design of the Shard has made it an iconic Landmark in London. The building comprises of eleven thousand glass panels which are equivalent to fifty six thousand meters squares of glass. To facilitate movement, the building has three hundred and six flights of stairs and 44 lifts most of which comprises double decker. The building’s floor was designed to cover 31.4 acres. The floors

Korean Economic Crisis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Korean Economic Crisis - Term Paper Example (OECD 2009) The Korean government's role on developing the economy was more pronounced during the earlier years of the republic. This was particularly during the period of Park Chung Hee's rule. During this time, the government instituted reforms that bore the hallmarks of state capitalism and free market economy. The result can be considered successful as this pushed the Korean economy to modernization and progress. However, in the succeeding years, the national governments that ruled the country after Park introduced measures that made the economy freer from state intervention. The policies of liberalization were carried onwards to these current times by the incumbent administration of President Lee Myung-bak. However, the Korean economy was not immune to crisis. In the late 90's, the country suffered an economic turmoil, which led to the closure of several of its key industries. Many economists view it as a result of the vestiges of the protectionist policies initiated by the Park administration in the 60's the 70's. However, there were opposing views also by other economic experts. They insist that protectionism of Park is not the culprit in the crisis but the economic dependence towards the world market and the reduction of government role, both in the name of liberalization. Nevertheless, the government at that time, under Kim Dae-Jung, started out reforms in the country's financial sector, which include borrowing heavily from the International Monetary Fund. Before the end of the 90's, particularly in December 1999, Kim declared the crisis as over. In 2007 until 2009, roughly ten years after, another crisis hit the economy. The debate between analyses of what can be the root cause of the late 1990's crisis was again revived. Those who insist that Korea's economic liberalization is problematic are now raising a new but related argument. They believe that the economy's vulnerability to the global crisis is due to its overdependence on foreign markets. They assert that there are no basic differences in the crisis of the late 90's and the current on wracking the economy. Therefore, they push for reforms that are also much different to those introduced by the Kim administration. Currently, the Lee government has yet to institute any significant steps toward solving the new crisis. As solutions that will make a long-term positive effect on the economy are still to be found, it is necessary to fuel such debates and to seek out the best ideas that can come out of it. These ideas may be better extracted if a thorough comparison of the previous crisis and the current one is made. This paper aims to present an objective comparison between the crisis of the 90's and the current crisis of the Korean economy. This also aims to provide an in-depth analysis on the root factors of both crises. In so doing, it hopes to introduce suggestions on how the current crisis should be addressed. The method is based on the idea that by understanding the lessons of past problems and the solutions pushed, new and more effective remedies may be discovered for the present crisis. II. A Background of the Korean Economy In order to understand best the

HP deskjet Essay Example for Free

HP deskjet Essay Case: Hewlett-Packard-Supplying the Deskjet Printer in Europe The DeskJet printer was introduced in 1988 and has become one of Hewlett-Packards (HPs) most successful products. Sales have grown steadily, reaching a level of over 600,000 units in 1990. Unfortunately, inventory growth has tracked sales growth closely. HPs distribution centers are filled with pallets of the DeskJet printer. Worse yet, the organization in Europe claims that inventory levels there need to be raised even further to maintain satisfactory product availability. THE DESKJET SUPPLY CHAIN The network of suppliers, manufacturing sites, distribution centers (DCs), dealers, and customers for the DeskJet product make up the DeskJet supply chain (see Exhibit 17. 14). HP in Vancouver does manufacturing. There are two key stages in the manufacturing process: (1) printed circuit assembly and test (PCAT) and (2) final assembly and test (FAT). PCAT involves the assembly and testing of electronic components (like integrated circuits, read-only memories, and raw printed circuit boards) to make logic boards used in the printer. FAT involves the assembly of other subassemblies (like motors, cables, keypads, plastic chassis, gears, and the printed circuit assemblies from PCAT) to produce a working printer, as well as the final testing of the printer. The components needed for PCAT and FAT are sourced from other HP divisions as well as from external suppliers worldwide. Exhibit 17.14 HP DeskJet Supply Chain Selling the DeskJet in Europe requires customizing the printer to meet the language and power supply requirements of the local countries, a process known as â€Å"localization.† Specifically, the localization of the DeskJet of different countries involves assembling the appropriate power supply module, which reflects the correct voltage requirements (110 or 220) and power cord plug, and packaging it with the working printer and a manual written in the appropriate language. Currently, the final test is done with the actual power supply module included with the printer. Hence, the finished products of the factory are â€Å"localized† versions of the printer destined for all the different countries. For the European Market six different versions are currently produced. These are designated A, AA, AB, AQ, AU, and AY as indicated in the Bills of Materials shown in Exhibit 17.15. Exhibit 17.15 HP DeskJet Bill of Materials The total factory throughput time through the PCAT and FAT stages is about one week. The transportation time from Vancouver to the European DC is five weeks. The long shipment time to Europe is due to ocean transit and the time to clear customs and duties at port of entry. The plant sends a weekly shipment of printers to the DC in Europe. The printer industry is highly competitive. Resellers want to carry as little inventory as possible. Consequently, there has been increasing pressure for HP as a manufacturer to provide high levels of availability at the DC. In response, management has decided to stock the DCs so that a high level of availability is maintained. THE INVENTORY SERVICE CRISIS To limit the amount of inventory throughout the DeskJet supply chain and at the same time provide the high level of service needed has been quite a challenge to Vancouvers management. The manufacturing group has been very successful in reducing the uncertainties caused by delivery to the European DC. Forecasting demand in Europe, though, is a significant problem. It has become common to have product shortages for model demands from some countries, while inventory of other models keeps piling up. In the past, the target inventory levels at the DCs were based on safety stocks that were a result of some judgmental rule of thumb. Specifically, target inventory levels, equal to one-month average sales, were set for each model carried in the DC. Now, however, it seems that the increasing difficulty of getting accurate forecasts means the safety stock rules should be revisited. HP has put together a team of employees to help implement a scientifically based safety stock system that will be responsive to forecast errors and replenishment lead times. They are to recommend a method for calculating appropriate safety stock levels for the various DeskJet models carried in  the European DC. The team has a good sample of demand data that can be used for developing the safety stock methodology (see Exhibit 17.16). HP hopes this new methodology will solve the inventory and service problem.

Unregulated Capitalism Undermines the Legitimacy of Liberal Democracy E

Introduction In a capitalist system, businesses compete with one another to produce the most innovative merchandise at the most competitive prices; in turn, consumers freely select the most desirable products. According to Adam Smith, this competition, when left unregulated, fosters maximum wealth and the common good (Economist 2-3). Indeed, unmanaged competition may ensure prices are affordable for consumers (2). However, in a global free market that exploits cheap labour; market demand dwindles, resulting in excessive credit lending and debt crises (Li 295-6). In this way, capitalism’s efficiency and promotion of the common good is questionable. Since the resurgence of unregulated capitalism in the late 20th century, social inequalities have grown significantly, with one percent of the most powerful countries attaining more wealth than half the world (Dunklin 2). Canada’s income gap has also risen, exacerbating morbidity and mortality (Bryant 47). However, the extent that government should reduce social inequities is controversial in a liberal democracy, which prioritizes economic freedom. That being said, social inequalities may lead to wealthier individuals gaining an advantage in policy making (Bryant 54; Rein 63), undermining the liberal democratic value of political equality. Moreover, the ideal of economic freedom is shrinking in today’s global economy, which exhibits massive enterprises stifling competition and creating economic instability (Foster 2). In light of these issues, the aim of this essay is to detail how unregulated capitalism detracts from a liberal democracy by undermining political eq uality and economic freedom. Ideals of a Liberal Democracy The values of freedom and equality, which are pr... ...21-134. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete. Raphael, D., Curry-Stevens, A., & Bryant, T. (2008). Barriers to addressing the social determinants of health: Insights from the Canadian experience. Health Policy, 88, 222-235. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2008.03.015. Reich, R. (2007). How capitalism is killing democracy. Foreign Policy, Sep/Oct2007, 38-42. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete. Rein, S. (2009). Radical politics. In J. Brodie & S. Rein (Eds.), Critical concepts: An introduction to politics (4th ed.) (pp. 60-71). Toronto, Ontario: Pearson Education Canada. Shahrokhi, M. (2011). The global financial crises of 2007-2010 and the future of capitalism. Global Finance Journal, 22, 193-210. doi: 10.1016/j.gfj.2011.10.010. Workman, T. (2010). Renewing the left in Canada. Canadian Dimension, 44(3), 49-52. Retrieved from the Canadian Reference Centre.

Made In Chelsea Analysis of an episode Essay

From the episode of Made In Chelsea I watched, I can say that the representations we have of upwardly mobile young city dwellers are that they are social-oriented, whose lives seem to be some care-free that they can cavort around various places in London—and the world—without any problems. We also only see characters of a certain age range—none are, we assume, above the age of thirty—of which the majority have no jobs or business, leading us to believe that they come from families of ‘old money’, and so having a job themselves would seem rather pointless. Saying that, there are a few characters who do possess their own business or thereabouts. However, our perceptions of the characters are very one sided, as we are constricted to seeing only one side of that character—the one that fits their current storyline the best. This prevents us from seeing, per se, the kind heartedness of a character that has just cheated on their partner. The words ‘characters’ and ‘storylines’ fit well with my next point; the conversations and the events that take place throughout the episode seem far too rehearsed and coincidental for them to be actual ‘reality’. Location shots are used of London sights and attractions to establish the setting of the scene. They also are only of Central London attractions, and the shops and restaurants et al all seem to highlight the wealth of the individuals who shop there, eat there etc. Reactions, for the majority of the show, are shown using over-the-shoulder shots to portray the reaction of the person who is being told something. There is also usage of eye line matching shots that show you what the character may have been looking at from their angle. The episode seems to comprise of short segments that have then been edited in post production so that they can seek out the most entertaining of segments. This is obvious as the episode transitions from one group of people at a restaurant to a boxing arena and then back to the restaurant again. Tzvetan Torodov’s narrative theory that conventional narratives are structured into five stages; Equilibrium—disruption—recognition—repair—reinstatement, could be present within the episode, as you can apply it to the situation between Louis, Spencer and Jamie (the love triangle storyline). The fact that it fits so well with Torodov’s theory does support the question â€Å"How much of Made In Chelsea is actually reality?†

Why the Book Was Written

Thesis: Elizabeth Johnson wrote the book â€Å"Consider Jesus Waves of Renewal in Christology† because she wanted to present the changes happening in Christology. Elizabeth Johnson's book, Consider Jesus: Waves of Renewal in Christology book is ordered according to various â€Å"waves† in 20th century Catholic Christology, using these movements as starting points to discuss various areas of historical theology as well. This is based on an historical overview that interprets the history of Catholic Christology as that of a living tradition, always developing in new directions.Chapter six, on liberation Christology, Johnson uses this opportunity to portray the â€Å"either-or† aspect of the person of Jesus, making it clear that the historical Jesus was neither merely a wise sage nor merely a god in heaven . When it comes to the situation of the poor, she says, â€Å"neutrality is not possible† (94), particularly since Jesus is the liberator of the poor, as h e said when he began his ministry.Johnson goes into the area of theology on which she has had the most influence, feminist theology In addition, she points out that during Jesus’ ministry, especially during the crucifixion and resurrection, women acted as faithful apostles in ways that men often did not. In her preface she states â€Å"the purpose was to present the fundamental rethinking taking place in Christology to persons who are actively involved in ministries in the church or who are seeking greater understanding of their faith. † based on this statement I think her purpose for writing this book is to help give believers an open mind in the different areas of Christology.

Climate Change, Environmental problem Essay Example

Climate Change, Environmental problem Essay Example Climate Change, Environmental problem Essay Climate Change, Environmental problem Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Climate Change, Environmental problem Question 1 It is agreeable that climate change is an environmental justice issue. The major reason of this argument is based on the definition of environmental justice. This is the equal treatment and participation of all people regarding implementation enforcing or developing laws, policies or regulations concerning the environment. This means that all people, regardless of their origin, race, ethnicity, gender or income should be part of this environmental issue. Environmental justice also entails people sharing both benefits and burdens of an environmental aspect (Sandler Pezzullo, 55). Climate change effects are being experienced globally. It is not fair when only the environmental department is left to handle them alone. Climate change was caused by global human activities. These activities were emitting CFCs gases, deforestation and other activities. All of them were done by people all around the world. The climate determines the survival of human beings among other activities. This is why every individual in the world should take part in mitigating the effects. The laws, policies and regulations therefore, should be enforceable to everyone. It is important for people to understand the need to take up the responsibility of preserving the environment. It plays a big role in determining climate pattern. Today, the climate pattern has changed negatively because the environment has been degraded. Climate change should be an environmental justice issue and everyone should participate in enhancing it. Scientists have confirmed if the environmental degradation continues the climate change will become worse and unsuitable for life existence (Sandler Pezzullo, 60). Question 2 Global warming is an environmental problem in the world. The earth’s temperature has been riding gradually since the end of nineteenth century. It has increased with about 0.8 degrees centigrade. The main cause of this problem is emission of greenhouse gases. They are produced by burning fossil fuels and using aerosols with chlorofluorocarbon gases. Global warming has caused floods, depletion of ozone layer and rising of the ocean (Simon, 90). Some of the solution is using sustainable energy like wind and geothermal power. Toxic gases should be detoxified before released in the air. People should also use alternative methods instead of burning fossil fuels. Several environmental justice questions surround this problem. The most important is whether the people are complying with laws concerning this problem. Environmental Protection Agency has formulated standards for mitigating global warming. Another vital question should be enquiring what the people are doing to regulate global warming. They have a responsibility of participating in controlling global warming. They should learn the causes and solution for them to understand this problem. People should avoid activities causing global warming and they should implement solutions (Simon, 122). Environmental justice is important in discussing this problem because it involves participation of all people. It was caused by human activities and it is fair if all of them took responsibility. All people are entitled to enjoy benefits of the environment. Similarly, they should bear the burden of the shortcomings it brings. For this problem to be solved, people need to contribute positively. Some of the activities involved in environmental justice of this problem include abiding by the laws protecting the environment, preserving the environment and avoiding any causes of global warming. Environmental issues should involve the community since the environment is part of life on earth (Sandler Pezzullo, 112). Sandler, Ronald D Phaedra C. Pezzullo. Environmental Justice and Environmentalism: The Social Justice Challenge to the Environmental Movement. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007. Print. Simon, Seymour. Global Warming. New York: Collins, 2010. Print.

William Oughtred and the History of the Slide Rule

William Oughtred and the History of the Slide Rule Before we had calculators we had slide rules. The circular (1632) and rectangular (1620) slide rules were invented by an Episcopalian minister and mathematician William Oughtred. History of the Slide Rule A calculating tool, the invention of the slide rule was made possible by John Napiers invention of logarithms, and Edmund Gunters invention of logarithmic scales, which slide rules are based upon. Logarithms Logarithms made it possible to perform multiplications and divisions by addition and subtraction, according to The Museum of HP Calculators. Mathematicians had to look up two logs, add them together and then look for the number whose log was the sum. Edmund Gunter reduced the labor by drawing a number line in which the positions of numbers were proportional to their logs. William Oughtred simplified things further with the slide rule by taking the two Gunters lines and sliding them relative to each other thus eliminating the dividers. William Oughtred William Oughtred made the first slide rule by inscribing logarithms on wood or ivory. Before the invention of the pocket or handheld calculator, the slide rule was a popular tool for calculations. The use of slide rules continued until about 1974, after which electronic calculators became more popular. Later Slide Rules Several inventors improved upon William Oughtreds slide rule. 1677 - Henry Coggeshall invented a 2-foot folding slide rule for lumber measure, called the Coggeshall slide rule.1815 - Peter Mark Roget invented the log slide rule, which included a scale displaying the logarithm of the logarithm.1859 - French artillery lieutenant Amà ©dà ©e Mannheim invented an improved slide rule.1891 - Edwin Thacher introduced a cylindrical slide rule in the United States.The duplex rule was invented by William Cox in 1891.

Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice Research Paper

Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice - Research Paper Example This aspect of the constitution is not reflected in the justice system as various discriminations are observed in the justice system. Gender, age, size, social status, race or ethnicity, residence, and wealth status are some of the main factors that result in inequitable treatment of citizens. Adults are treated differently compared to juveniles, which is in line with the constitution since both parties have different needs. On the other hand, adults should be treated equally with other adults and juveniles treated equally with other juveniles. The age of the juvenile and the intention and gravity of the crime are some factors that should be put into consideration when arrests, arraignment in court and acquittal are done by officers. This paper reviews the role of race and ethnicity in discrimination of juveniles by the justice system. It also aims to draw a line that connects arrests and detention rates and suspects’ races. Juveniles are discussed as they are least represente d in government agencies. Race and ethnicity is seen to play a role in administration of justice in various states despite a fair constitution. Race and ethnicity Race comprises the physical appearance of a person due to inherited genetic make-up of their parents. If one's parents are Caucasian then the physical characteristics of a Caucasian are passed on to them. On the other hand, ethnicity is about the aspects of culture that one learns in the course of life because of living in a certain environment. This makes one acquire behavioral characteristics, beliefs and perceptions of the people around them. Consequently, one may be genetically and phenotypically a Caucasian but not have the cultural characteristics associated with Caucasians. The behavioral tendencies will, therefore, comprise one’s culture. In addition, race is permanent while one can, subject to change in environmental factors, change their ethnicity. It is, therefore, not advisable to conclude one’s e thnicity based on physical appearance alone, other factors must be considered. The concept of race is also becoming fuzzy as these days many children are born of parents from different races and thus their races become harder and harder to determine. For instance, in the US, there are many African Americans who have a white parent; these people are undoubtedly as white as they are black. In addition, these people are born and brought up in the American environment. This means that despite having a mixed parentage, they have the same ethnicity as White Americans and, therefore, skin color, eye color or hair appearance is no basis for treating them differently (DifferenceBetween.net, 2010). Juvenile population The juvenile population, like other components of the American population, is growing consistently and, therefore, it should be taken care of better than current trends reveal. Adequate protection of these young people from discrimination by the legal system should be enhanced. Racial characteristics of the American juvenile population are continually changing. In 2000, people classified as of mixed race accounted for 1.4 percent of the whole population and 2.5 percent of the juvenile population. More interaction between people from different races will result in an increase in the mixed race class. It is, therefore, quite essential that this new race be protected from discriminatio